Change

Interview with Andrea Williams, Milwaukee Radio Group

We recently sat down with Andrea Williams from Milwaukee Radio Group. Gary Garland, WPA’s executive director, and Anna Warren, who lives with Parkinson’s, were featured.

Take a listen here:

Read more

People with Parkinson’s disease have a higher risk of dying from COVID-19

A new study of approximately 80,000 patients shows that people with Parkinson’s disease (PD) have a 30% higher risk of dying from COVID-19 than people without the neurodegenerative condition.

The new analysis conducted by researchers with University of Iowa Health Care based on patient data in the TriNetX COVID-19 research network suggests that Parkinson’s disease is an independent risk factor for dying from COVID-19.

The UI research team led by neurologists Qiang Zhang, MD, and Nandakumar Narayanan, MD, PhD, identified the COVID-19 patient cohort as of July 15 and analyzed the mortality data eight weeks later. They found that 5.5% (4,290 out of 78,355) of COVID-19 patients without PD died compared to 21.3% (148 of 694) COVID-19 patients who also had PD.

However, the patients with PD were generally older, more likely to be male, and less likely to be African American than the patients without PD. All of these factors also increase the risk of death from COVID-19. So, the UI team used two approaches to account for these differences: logistic regression with age, sex, and race as covariates, and matching each PD patient with five non-PD patients with the exact age, sex, and race, and performing a conditional logistic regression. In both cases, the researchers found that the risk of dying from COVID-19 was 30% higher for patients with PD. The findings are published in the journal Movement Disorders.

“We recognize the limitations of this study, it is retrospective data from a single database, but we are confident that these data show that Parkinson’s disease is independent risk factor for death in COVID-19,” says Narayanan, UI associate professor of neurology and a member of the Iowa Neuroscience Institute. “We believe this observation will be of interest to clinicians treating patients with Parkinson’s disease, and public health officials.” 

The researchers say the findings should also inform patients with PD, and their physicians, of the increased importance of preventing COVID-19 infection in these patients.

“For our own patients, we can give advice that it’s important that you wear a mask. It’s important that you socially distance,” says Zhang, an associate in the UI Department of Neurology.

Zhang adds that physicians should also weigh the increased risk of death from COVID-19 when considering how to care for PD patients in person during the pandemic.

A potential reason why PD patients have an increased risk of death from COVID-19 may be related to the fact that COVID can cause pneumonia and pneumonia is a leading cause of death in patients with PD. This is partly because Parkinson’s patients can have trouble swallowing or choking that can cause aspiration.

“We are all focused on COVID right now, but this is a clear example of a respiratory illness that leads to increased mortality [in PD patients]. These findings may also have implications for understanding risks for PD patients from other diseases, including influenza,” Narayanan says. “I would recommend a flu vaccine and pneumonia vaccine to try to prevent these problems in patients with PD.”

In addition to Narayanan and Zhang, the UI research team included Jordan Schultz, PharmDGeorgina Aldridge, MD, PhD, and Jacob Simmering, PhD.

 

Article from University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine.

Read more

Long Distance (Virtual) Caregiving: Staying Connected

When someone you love is sick, it can cause stress and anxiety. Illness, especially Parkinson’s, can take a physical and emotional toll on caregivers and family, particularly when they are far away. For everyone dealing with a Parkinson’s diagnosis, there is generally worry and uncertainty.

Around 7 million people in the US today are caregivers; nearly 20 percent perform this role long distance. As baby boomers continue to age, the number of caregivers is projected to increase significantly in the coming years. Developing strategies to partner in caregiving can help families stay involved with the progression of treatments, and ease the varied burdens of a Parkinson’s diagnosis on families.

 

What is caregiving?

Caregiving describes the time and attention needed to care for relatives or friends when they require additional support caring for their own needs. Help provided can take different forms; it may include everyday tasks like grocery shopping, transportation, and meal preparation. It can also encompass managing medical appointments and household finances, and full-time personal care. Caregiving is generally unpaid, done out of love or sometimes a sense of obligation.

Caregivers can come from different places: a husband, wife, or partner, a child, parent, or sibling, other relatives, friends, even neighbors. Someone close to the patient is the most important non-medical member of the care team. Yet the fears and urgency of caring for someone so ill can take a physical, psychological, and financial toll on caregivers and their own families.

Caregiving can take its toll

Caregivers often experience physical and psychological side effects when caring for a family member or friend. Studies have shown that those who provide informal, unpaid care to someone with significant limitations to their independence can experience a negative impact on their own health and personal lives.2 For example, some people don’t take the time to eat right and exercise; this may result in both weight gain and mood disturbances. Others may find they don’t have the time for a social life or to participate in their regular leisure activities.

 

Long distance caregivers

Those who live far enough away that they are unable to have daily, face to face interactions with their relatives are known as long-distance caregivers. Caregiving can be more complex when distance, time, cost, and other factors limit accessibility. Factors like work, family, and transportation can affect the ability to sustainably provide care. Communications from long-distance caregivers can be occasional or regular, but for many, it is more just periodic checking in. Making a phone call to say hello and share updates about work, family, and life in general is an example of how long-distance touchpoints have value.2

Challenges of long distance caregiving

Long-distance caregivers have support needs that may differ from nearby caregivers.2 They typically are not part of the medical team and thus have limited relationships with or access to the doctors involved in care and treatment of their loved one. Many report high stress and anxiety over the changing health status of their loved one.2

The impact on family dynamics can also be stressful when care is split between nearby and long-distance caregivers. If the primary caregiver is nearby they may feel that the family member or friend who is far away may be of less help, and not feel the same impact of the burden of caregiving. This can lead to resentment and disputes. Yet, studies have demonstrated that caregivers who are unable to see their family member regularly are stunned by physical and functional changes associated with treatments. This can result in experiencing more stress for the remote caregiver over the dramatic changes seen, due to lapses in time between visits. By comparison, for caregivers nearby, observed changes in a loved one undergoing treatments are more gradual.

 

Staying connected across any distance

There are steps long-distance caregivers can take to stay connected and participate in a more involved way. When someone you love is sick it can be upsetting and disruptive. Getting to know the medical team providing care, whether in the hospital, medical office or at home, can help you stay connected with medical updates and treatment decisions. Some people use technology to stay in touch. For example, FaceTime and Skype can be used for video chatting and offer a sense of being closer.2

Technology can also make it possible to be a part of medical appointments and treatment decision discussions. Try to arrange in advance for some kind of video conferencing technology with the medical team. That way you can listen to what the doctors have to say as well as ask questions.2

Research supports findings that long-distance caregivers do better personally when they participate in appointments via videoconference, get their own personal counseling time with social workers and improved access to medical information and caregiving resources.2

Long-distance caregivers who are heavily involved in caregiving estimate they spend at least one day a week managing the affairs of their loved one. They report missing work, having to rearrange their schedules, and other distractions when caring for someone far away.

Practical tips for long distance caregiving

Stay in touch

  • Regular contact makes people feel more connected
  • Make a schedule for phone calls
  • Plan ahead for travel, if possible
  • Keep up to date with their medical team

Set up regular communication time

  • Call
  • Email/text
  • Skype or FaceTime

Use technology

  • Send family photos and videos to keep your loved one involved
  • Establish a videoconference routine with providers
  • Make a budget and help track expenses

Get help

  • Accept support from friends and family when you need to be away
  • Find a support group in your own community

Most importantly, remember to listen to your loved one, support them when making treatment decisions, and prioritize your own self-care. There may be distance between you and your loved one, but that doesn’t mean you can’t still support and care for them.

 

Article from Parkinsonsdisease.net.

Read more

“Black individuals don’t get as much time with doctors, studies show”

Dayne Beccano-Kelly shares his experience as a black professional working in Parkinson’s research, explains why visibility and education are the key to increasing diversity – and how unrepresentative studies and a lack of information are failing black people with Parkinson’s around the world


I describe my work as a researcher as like a telephone conversation that I’m listening into. For people with Parkinson’s, the line gets a bit faulty. I’m trying to see what causes the messages to change so that we can clean up the line.

I spend a lot of time in a lab here at Oxford University, however I do try to see individuals living with Parkinson’s, too. We have a Parkinson’s group doing outreach and funding. We also host Oxford Parkinson’s Disease Centre day, where we organise talks and bring together collaborators, independent scientists, carers and people with Parkinson’s. This always really puts what I’m doing into perspective.

As a researcher, it’s important to have a cold scientific approach so as not to be biased – but I think it’s vitally important to remember that while you cannot be completely emotionally driven, you must remember that the money we are spending is going towards finding something to help.

“They looked at my skin colour before talking to me”

I’ve worked in two principalities across four different countries, and I’ve never encountered a senior black member of academic staff in neuroscience within my departments.

I’ve been told by professionals in my field that I was there because of positive discrimination. It’s very hard to be told that, but you have to remind yourself ‘no, that’s not true’. They looked at my skin colour before talking to me and decided that I must be in my position because of the colour of my skin. That’s racism.

I believe that there are two key things that you can do to promote BAME (black, Asian and minority ethnic) individuals in STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics): visibility and education. Telling students from an early age, ‘you are capable of getting there’. Raising the issue, talking to everybody in the room – not just the black students – and making them fully aware that you can begin to end the problem with your generation.

“It’s important for the black community that we’re informed enough”

Disorders like ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), MS (multiple sclerosis) and essential tremors have all been shown to have different levels of prevalence and incidence – as well as a wide range of symptoms – within different ethnic groups. But there has not been enough research into how Parkinson’s affects individuals from different ethnic groups. While some studies suggest black individuals are less likely to get Parkinson’s than Caucasian western individuals, others may indicate it is equal.

There has been instances where it has been proven that in African and West Indian communities, individuals tend not to go to the doctors enquiring about Parkinson’s because they only experience non-motor symptoms. By not manifesting typical Parkinson’s features, they may be treated for something else, meaning it takes them longer to receive the treatment they really need.

In certain parts of the world, it’s common for black patients to not get as much time with doctors, and for their symptoms to be deemed milder than somebody of Caucasian descent. We need more global information about Parkinson’s in those underserved groups. It’s important for the black community that we’re informed enough to notice these non-motor symptoms and seek help.

“Diversity needs to become normative”

Parkinson’s studies are biased towards people of Caucasian descent. We need to address that fact and keep pressing forward with recruiting more BAME individuals into the research. Parkinson’s organisations need to be a part of that – diversity needs to become normative.

We must see that there is a disparity in what researchers are sampling; check the ethnic groups present and break research down to realise that we can’t draw a conclusion because there are simply not enough black people.

Having more information will help us help people with Parkinson’s, and that means when they come to the doctor they won’t be turned away, not because of the colour of their skin, but because they don’t believe that they’re presenting symptoms in the way that they would expect.

There is this issue across the board with BAME treatment. Whether it be in the workplace or care, there needs to be acknowledgement coupled with action.

Dayne Beccano-Kelly is a career development fellow in Neurobiology at the Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford. He completed his undergraduate degree and PhD at the University of Leeds, UK, before undertaking postdoctoral research in Dundee, UK, and Vancouver, Canada. Article from Parkinsonslife.eu.

Read more

Parkinson’s & Driving Safety

The topic of driving can be a sensitive subject for folks with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and their care partners. Fortunately, just because one has a PD diagnosis does NOT necessarily mean that the freedom to drive needs to be taken away. There are many people with PD who continue to drive safely, years after they have been diagnosed.

However, we know that PD progresses over time. Symptoms change. Medications may be added and others stopped. Side effects from medications can change. New health problems may arise that make controlling PD more difficult. Because of these things, driving safety is an issue that requires re-evaluation from time to time. Independence and safety are priorities that should both be honored, while recognizing that sometimes modifications may need to be considered.

Things to consider when deciding whether to drive
Driving plays an important role in an individual’s sense of independence, personal control, and self-reliance, so giving up driving can be very difficult. People living with PD should consider the following questions when deciding whether or not to drive:

  • How is my vision? Can I see well at night? Can I distinguish colors, such as in traffic lights?
  • Would I be putting my passenger (friend or loved one) at risk?
  • How fast is my reaction time? Could I safely avoid a surprise obstacle in the road?
  • Has anyone (friend or family member) commented negatively on my ability to drive?
  • Can I handle multiple activities at the same time (whether driving or not)?
  • Can I effectively and quickly turn the wheel or step on the brake with enough strength?
  • Do my medications for PD (or other conditions) cause side effects like sleepiness, dizziness, blurred vision, or confusion?

These are understandable and important questions to be considered, but often people struggle with how to discuss the issue with loved ones or care partners. Sharing concerns or observations with a trusted friend or family member might be a good place to start.

In some cases, speaking with a doctor or professional, such as an occupational therapist, might be helpful. The American Occupational Therapy Association maintains a searchable database to help locate a Driving Rehabilitation Specialist so you or a family member may receive an assessment (https://www.aota.org/Practice/ Productive-Aging/Driving/driving-specialistsdirectory-search.aspx).

Driver Rehabilitation Specialists work with people of all ages and abilities, evaluating, training, and exploring alternative transportation solutions. Another tool for rating driving ability is offered by AAA at https://seniordriving.aaa.com/evaluate-yourdriving-ability/self-rating-tool/. Local rehabilitation hospitals also sometimes offer assistance in driver evaluation and training.

When the time comes that a person with PD needs to give up driving, it is important to remember that there are options. Public transportation can be an option. Friends and family members are often happy to help, and it is important not to be afraid to ask. Also, look into special shuttle services through local organizations and community centers.

Socialization and staying active help manage Parkinson’s symptoms. You don’t have to stay home once you are no longer driving.

 

Article from February 2020 issue of Dallas Area Parkinsonism Society newsletter.

Read more

Teen Scientist Working on Parkinson’s Treatment

In North Texas, bright young minds are hard at work and one in particular may be on the verge of shaping the future for patients with Parkinson’s disease.

At 14 years old, it seems there’s nothing Anushka Sridhar hasn’t done.

“Outside of school, I play volleyball, basketball, I’m a third-degree black belt in taekwondo. I do an Indian cultural dance and I’m also part of Destination Imagination,” the Plano ISD 8th grader said.

Sridhar is also a budding scientist, who won the grand prize in her school’s science fair.

She created a device designed to lessen the tremors experienced by Parkinson’s patients.

“My great aunt passed away. With her tremors though, she had a lot of difficulties just with daily activity,” Sridhar said. “So that sparked an idea for me to try and create like a wrist band that could mitigate the tremors.”

For two months, she dove head first into researching Parkinson’s disease, a neurological disorder that causes hand tremors and imbalance.

She learned about how vibration therapy can help the motor skills of Parkinson’s patients.

The idea is the vibrations fool the brain and distract it from the physical sensation of tremors so that patients have an easier time writing.

It’s a well-known theory that even the goliaths of the industry, like Microsoft, are looking into.

Sridhar used common materials, like velcro and simple curcuits to create a prototype wristband. She reached out to the Dallas Area Parkinsonism Society, or DAPS, for test subjects willing to strap on her homemade wristband.

“They were excited that a young person would take that kind iof interest. You can’t help but be impressed when you hear her,” DAPS Executive Director Mike Miles said.

The partnership blossomed, and Sridhar connected with people five times her age. Each one seem impressed with the device, that not only worked, but gave them hope!

“I’m sure she will study that and improve on it and one day, we will have a device that we could put on and write normally,” said 81-year-old Ryan Wagner of Plano.

Sridhar said she planned to expand her research and build more prototypes of her wristband.

She hopes to one day affect the lives of every Parkinson’s patient.

She now advances to the Plano ISD district fair and the Dallas regional science fair.

Article from NBCDFW.

Read more

Parkinson’s differences in women and men

There is growing evidence that Parkinson’s disease (PD) affects women and men differently. In this insightful review, published in the Journal of Parkinson’s Disease, scientists present the most recent knowledge about these sex-related differences and highlight the significance of estrogens, which play an important role in the sex differences in PD.

PD is a slowly progressive disorder that affects movement, muscle control, and balance. It is the second most common age-related, neurodegenerative disorder, affecting about 3% of the population by the age of 65 and up to 5% of individuals over 85 years of age. The risk of developing PD is twice as high in men than women, but women experience a more rapid disease progression and a lower survival rate.

“It is becoming increasingly evident that PD differs in women and men,” explained lead author Fabio Blandini, MD, Scientific Director of the IRCCS Mondino Foundation, National Institute of Neurology, Pavia, Italy. “Recent research findings suggest that biological sex also impacts on disease risk factors and, potentially, on molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of PD.”

This review meticulously examines the most recent knowledge concerning differences between women and men with PD including:

  • Motor and non-motor symptoms
  • Quality of life
  • Genetic and environmental risk factors
  • Pharmacological therapy of motor and non-motor symptoms
  • Surgical procedures
  • PD and steroids
  • Impact of biological sex on pathophysiology

Recent research has shown that women and men have distinctive motor and non-motor symptoms as their PD progresses. Motor symptoms emerge later in women: tremor is a common first presenting symptom associated with recurrent falls and more severe pain syndromes with specific characteristics such as reduced rigidity, a higher propensity to develop postural instability, and elevated risk for levodopa-related motor complications. Conversely, male PD patients show more serious postural problems and have worse general cognitive abilities: freezing of gait—the most disabling motor complication of PD—develops later in men; however, men have a higher risk of developing camptocormia (abnormal severe forward flexion of the trunk when standing or walking). An ongoing clinical trial is evaluating the prevalence in PD and the biological sex impact on other postural abnormalities, such as Pisa syndrome (a reversible lateral bending of the trunk with a tendency to lean to one side), antecollis (dystonia of the neck resulting in excessive forward flexion), scoliosis (a sideways curvature of the spine), and deformities related to hands and/or toes.

Non-motor symptoms have been the subject of a study of over 950 PD patients, which concluded that symptoms such as fatigue, depression, restless legs, constipation, pain, loss of taste or smell, weight change and excessive sweating are more common and severe in women. Other studies have demonstrated that male PD patients have worse general cognitive abilities and male sex is the primary predictive factor for mild cognitive impairment and its more rapid progression in the severe stage of the disease. A diagnosis of PD with dementia has a greater impact on life expectancy of women than men; in addition, women show distinctive symptoms as well as differences in the response to pharmacological therapies and deep brain stimulation, and in their personal evaluation of the quality of life compared to men.

The authors note that the distinctive clinical features as well as the contribution of different risk factors support the idea that PD development might involve distinct pathogenetic mechanisms (or the same mechanism but in a different way) in women and men. They highlight the significance of estrogens, which play an important role in the sex differences in PD, providing disease protection as demonstrated by the similar incidence of the disease in men and post-menopausal women.

“Sex hormones act throughout the entire brain of both males and females and sex differences are now highlighted in brain regions and functions not previously considered as subjected to such differences, opening the way to a better understanding of sex-related behavior and functions,” added Silvia Cerri, Ph.D., head of the Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of the IRCCS Mondino Foundation and first author of the article. She commented: “Neuroinflammation is an important piece of the pathogenic puzzle of PD. Current evidence suggests that the physiological role exerted by microglial and astrocytic cells could become compromised during aging, thus contributing to PD onset and progression. Since estrogens have anti-inflammatory properties, their actions throughout the lifespan could partially account for sex-related risk and manifestation of PD.”

By drawing attention to sex-related differences and disparities in PD, Dr. Blandini and colleagues hope this will further encourage the scientific community and policy makers to foster the development of tailored interventions and the design of innovative programs—for example in care practices—that meet the distinct requirements of women and men with PD. “Women diagnosed with PD are a sizable portion of the PD population, but their specific needs are still partially overlooked. The differences between women and men strongly suggest the need for a personalized (sex-related) therapy in PD,” concluded Dr. Blandini and Dr. Cerri.

Article from MedicalXpress.

Read more

How Music Transforms a Man with PD

View the video HERE.

Before Parkinson’s disease changed his life, Larry Jennings loved to sing, dance and play his guitar. A decade after his diagnosis, the 73-year-old Oklahoma man is once again able to dance with his wife, thanks to the therapeutic power of music.

Jennings’ remarkable improvement was captured on video that has gone viral since his physical therapist Anicea Gunlock shared it on Facebook. The video at first shows Jennings struggling to walk around his home in Hartshorne, Okla., even with the help of a walker.

But when Gunlock started playing music on her cellphone, Jennings’ stride immediately improved. Within a couple of minutes, Jennings was able to let go of his walker and even lead Gunlock in a dance.

“I’d never seen anything like it,” Gunlock told CTVNews.ca in a phone interview Thursday.

Gunlock explained how, after her very first session with Jennings yielded no real improvements in his gait, she went home and started researching therapies for Parkinson’s disease, a neurodegenerative disorder that can severely limit a patient’s movements.

She came across a study that used music to help patients improve their gait and decided to try it out with Jennings. Gunlock said she spent a considerable amount of time finding the right song – nothing too fast or too slow. She eventually settled on “Good Ole Boys Like Me,” a 1979 country song by Don Williams.

“When I went back a couple of days later to do it with Larry, it was just astounding,” Gunlock said. “Literally, it was instantaneous results.”

At one point in the video, Jennings is also seen singing along to “Good Ole Boys.” Since Jan. 5, the video has garnered more than nine million views.

“I’m really happy that it has been seen by so many people,” Jennings’ wife Kathy said, describing how everyone was “in tears” when her husband danced across the floor for the first time.

Now, “he can dance with whoever is around,” Kathy told CTVNews.ca. “We danced all over.”

She said caregivers often get discouraged as Parkinson’s disease continues to rob their loved ones of movement and speech. But she’s always been hopeful that her husband’s condition would improve.

“With his illness, you have to not give up,” she said. “We’re hoping that he’ll get even better.”

The power of music and dance

Music and dance have long been used to help Parkinson’s patients improve their movements and motor skills. A number of Canadian researchers have been involved in the global effort to better understand the therapeutic benefits of music for people like Jennings.

“Right now, nobody has any idea what is going on in the brain to make this happen,” said Jessica Grahn, a professor at Western University in London, Ont., who has been researching the way music and rhythm are processed in the brains of people with movement disorders like Parkinson’s.

She said there seems to be “great variability” in how Parkinson’s disease patients respond to music. Some, like Jennings, show an instant response, while others show little to no improvement.

“One of the things we’re really interested in is…what is it that makes music effective for any given patient?” Grahn told CTVNews.ca.

One of the working theories, she said, is that music enables the brain of a Parkinson’s patient to “bypass the faulty circuitry” caused by the disease. Many patients struggle with internally-generated movements — trying to get up and walk across the room, for example– only to realize that their brain is not receiving the signal. But reflexive movements, such as catching a ball thrown in their direction or dancing to music, seem to remain intact, Grahn said.

For Alice-Betty Rustin, who was diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease six years ago, music and dance programs have been more than just physical therapy.

“It’s also a great social (activity),” the 79-year-old Toronto-area resident said. She has seen many other people with Parkinson’s benefit greatly from dance programs, including one offered at Canada’s National Ballet School.

Gunlock, the physical therapist in Oklahoma, said she decided to share her video online in hopes it would help other Parkinson’s patients and the therapists who work with them.

“The response has been amazing,” she said.

View the video HERE.

Article from CTVNews.ca.

Read more

WPA’s revamped Mission Statement

In order to realign WPA’s Mission Statement with our goals and program offerings, our Board of Directors recently revamped the statement:

Providing hope, community, support, and resources for people with Parkinson’s and their loved ones.

This new mission statement truly shows what WPA is able to provide for YOU. We are a broad and diverse organization, providing you with what you need as you navigate life with Parkinson’s – whether it’s your own Parkinson’s, or that of a loved one.

This new mission statement is flexible and broad, and doesn’t focus on any particular program or service we offer. We are constantly seeking opportunities to expand and broaden how we connect with people with Parkinson’s, caregivers, medical professionals, and more.

Finally, this new mission statement is brief and easy to remember. When someone new connects with WPA, we want to be able to easily share with them our place in this community!

Read more

Super foods: what to eat to help prevent anxiety in Parkinson’s

We know that people with Parkinson’s can often experience non-motor symptoms such as anxiety and panic disorders. However, there is evidence to suggest that a diet rich in certain nutrients can help alleviate some of these difficulties.

Iron-rich foods

Animal foods with a high iron value include beef, beef liver, pork, poultry, and seafood such as halibut, haddock, perch, salmon, tuna, clams, and oysters. These contain heme iron, which is found in animal meat and is more readily absorbed than plant-derived, non-heme iron. Too much iron can interfere with levodopa absorption, and because these foods are also high in protein, they can block levodopa. If you use levodopa, be sure to take it at least 30 minutes before eating these foods. Fish and seafood are good choices for people with Parkinson’s because they also contain brain-supportive omega-3 fatty acids.

Plant foods high in iron include soybeans, tofu, lentils, spinach, chard, garbanzo beans. These have the non-heme form of iron, which is less well absorbed than heme iron. Acidity helps boost iron absorption, so having lemon juice or vinegar salad dressing, or an orange, in the same meal with beans and leafy greens will help you get the most iron absorption from the plant food.

According to the Food and Nutrition Information Center of the United States Department for Agriculture (USDA), the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for iron is 8mg per day for men aged 19 and older, 18mg per day for women between the ages of 19 to 50, and 8mg per day for women aged 51 and older.

Food high in vitamin B6

Tuna, turkey, beef, chicken, salmon, sweet potato, potatoes, sunflower seeds, spinach and other dark leafy greens, and bananas are all good sources of vitamin B6. Tuna, beef, poultry, salmon, and spinach are good iron sources also, so these foods provide the benefit of both nutrients.

The RDA of vitamin B6 is 1.3mg for men between the ages of 14 to 50 and women between the ages of 19 to 50. Men above the age of 50 require 1.7mg, while women of the same age need 1.5mg.

Foods rich in vitamin D

There are few foods that contain vitamin D, and of these, salmon is by far the best – a salmon steak of 115g contains 128% of the RDA. Sardines, cow’s milk, tuna, egg yolks, and shiitake mushrooms have smaller but still important amounts. Salmon is a great food to eat two to three times weekly and it’s also a source of vitamin B6 and iron too. Sunlight is a very good source of vitamin D. When sunlight is available, exposing your face and arms for around 10 minutes a day will provide sufficient amounts.

The RDA for vitamin D for all adults between the ages of 19 to 70 years is 600 IU per day. For those above the age of 71 the RDA is 800 IU per day. If taking supplements choose the vitamin D3 form, which is more easily absorbed than the D2 form.

 

Article from Parkinson’s Life.

Read more